secondary lead refining methods

Life cycle environmental and economic assessment of lead refining …

Methods Life cycle assessment coupled with life cycle costing was conducted to estimate the environmental and economic impacts of primary and secondary lead refining in China.

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Pyrometallurgical Processing of Secondary Lead Material: …

Continuous development of lead recycling technologies has driven the increasing contribution of secondary lead in battery manufacturing over the years. This review presents and compares the different technologies available for pyrometallurgical processing of secondary lead materials. Smelting is most often achieved in …

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Pyrometallurgical Processing of Secondary Lead Material: …

Most lead and zinc secondaries are recycled via pyrometallurgical smelting processes. Many of the problems historically encountered in secondary smelters have been solved by the addition of ...

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A critical review on secondary lead recycling technology and …

Although the pyrometallurgical process has been dominant in the secondary lead recycling processes, there has been growing pressure to achieve sustainable …

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A critical review on extraction and refining of vanadium metal

Nowadays, industrial production often uses one method to refining repeatedly, or multiple methods are used in combination to achieve the purpose of removing impurities and purifying metals. Among the methods, the aluminothermic reduction combined with electron beam smelting process of V 2 O 5 is still the …

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Prioritising objectives for waste reprocessing: A case study in

Secondary lead refining produces a sulphidic slag that also contains varying quantities of lead. Initially, the objectives of this project were to treat the slag in order to recover the valuable ...

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A Review of Secondary Aluminum Production and Its Byproducts

Secondary aluminum production is required for the conservation of the environment. It can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption and reduce the consumption of alumina, a source of primary aluminum. Secondary aluminum production requires sorting processes for the metal scrap before starting the …

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Gold Metallurgy

The crude gold extracted from various raw materials must be further refined and purified to obtain pure gold, with a purity of 99.9% or more. Gold refining methods include chlorination, chemical method, electrolysis, and extraction, among which electrolysis is more widely used.

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Refining or Purification of Impure Metals

Refining or Purification of Impure Metals: Metals like Copper, Aluminium, Iron, etc., occur in nature in the combined state, in the form of their oxides, carbonates, sulphides, and so on. These are then extracted from their 'ores' through various extraction processes employed, depending upon the type of ore and the combination it occurs in …

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Geochemical Fractionation and Potential Ecological Risk …

Total and geochemical associations of Cd and Pb were studied on 75 topsoil samples around a small secondary metal recovery factory, which stopped operations in April 2006 due to metal environmental problems in surrounding communities. After a decade, we evaluated the potential ecological risk of Cd and Pb in impacted soils …

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Prioritising objectives for waste reprocessing: a case study in

Secondary lead refining produces a sulphidic slag that also contains varying quantities of lead. Initially, the objectives of this project were to treat the slag in order to recover the valuable lead as well as to render the slag environmentally benign. ... This novel method is an energy-saving, environmentally friendly and promising ...

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The Latest Development of Oxygen Bottom Blowing Lead …

The plant is designed to process 800 kt tons of lead concentrate and secondary lead materials annually. The main product is lead ingots. Sulfuric acid, zinc oxide dust and copper matte are the by-products. ... After refining, the molten lead is pumped into the anode casting pot through the lead pump and then transferred to the …

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Secondary Lead Smelting

Secondary Lead Smelting Secondary Lead Smelting Objectives • Describe the basic smelting process terms: smelting, refining, and alloying • List key chemicals associated with secondary lead smelting • Define volatility temperature, volatile metals, and metals partitioning Secondary Lead Smelting Objectives (cont.) • List major modes of release …

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Silver Recovery from Scrap and Low-Grade Residue

Lead sulfide concentrates are roasted and smelted to form lead bullion. The various impurities including antimony, arsenic, silver, and tin are removed by various different processes; silver is removed by the Parkes process. In this method of liquid-liquid extraction, zinc is added to a molten lead/silver mixture and cooled slowly.

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The refining of secondary lead for use in advanced lead-acid …

Secondary lead, i.e. material produced by the recycling of lead-acid batteries has become the primary source of lead in much of the world. This has been important to …

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Prioritising objectives for waste reprocessing: a case study in

Oxidation of a secondary lead matte Table 5 Oxidation of secondary lead matte Method Result Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans Dilute sulphuric acid leach Roasting 69.8% lead recovery 82.3% lead recovery Heating requirement, SO2 emission Corrick and Sutton (1968) investigated the oxidation of sulphide components in a secondary lead blast furnace …

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A green lead hydrometallurgical process based on …

Here we demonstrate a new green hydrometallurgical process to recover lead based on a hydrogen-lead oxide fuel cell. High …

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Guide to Data Collection Methods and Tools

Discover the top data collection methods and how to gather high-quality data in this comprehensive guide. ... The traditional definition of data collection might lead us to think of gathering information through surveys, observations, or interviews. ... Continuously iterating and refining your instrument based on feedback and real-world testing ...

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Environmental impact and economic assessment of secondary lead …

We first selected three traditional and two innovative lead paste recycling processes for LABs, which are widely accepted in China. Most small illegal secondary lead plants in developing countries use the process A (Stevenson, 2009); The process B is commonly used in large-scale (Annual capacity ≥100,000 tons batteries) plants …

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A critical review on secondary lead recycling technology and …

Currently, the most commonly used method for spent lead acid battery recycling is associated with the crushing process followed by pyrometallurgy route [4]. At the same time, the development of novel furnaces and pretreatment equipment in the pyrometallurgy procedure have been made in recent years. ... The refining of …

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Lead Refining

Tellurium and selenium are removed by sodium, calcium or aluminium treatments. Ellis and Mirza [23] have discussed the refining of secondary lead for advanced lead–acid batteries in greater detail. 20.6.1. Electrochemically significant impurities. ... but also has a large impact on methods employed in a secondary plant to remove the element ...

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High-Temperature Electrochemical Refining of Secondary Lead

The present chapter is devoted to the analysis of the obtained data on the high-temperature electrolytic production of high-purity lead from secondary lead in chloride melts. Kinetic parameters of electrode reactions were calculated, and the sequences of the metal dissolution from the double lead-antimony (Pb-Sb), lead-bismuth (Pb-Bi), and …

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Life cycle environmental and economic assessment of lead refining …

2.1 Goal and scope. LCA was conducted using SimaPro 8.2 in accordance with ISO 14040 standard ().The aims of this study are to quantify the environmental and economic impacts of the lead refining in China, identify the key processes and substances, explore the opportunities for environmental improvements, and determine the …

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A critical review on secondary lead recycling technology and …

This review introduces the quantity and importance of secondary lead, compared with the primary lead resources. The issues of pyrometallurgy and …

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Prioritising objectives for waste reprocessing: a case study in

Secondary lead refining produces a sulphidic slag that also contains varying quantities of lead. Initially, the objectives of this project were to treat the slag in order to recover the valuable lead as well as to render the slag environmentally benign. ... identification of slag treatment methods. Characterisation of the waste facilitated an ...

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The refining of secondary lead for use in advanced lead-acid batteries

Request PDF | On Jul 15, 2010, Timothy W. Ellis and others published The refining of secondary lead for use in advanced lead-acid batteries | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ...

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A green lead hydrometallurgical process based on a hydrogen-lead …

The refining of secondary lead for use in advanced lead-acid batteries. J. Power Sources 195, 4525–4529 (2010). ... Pan, J. et al. A clean lead recovery method by solid-liquid electrolytic ...

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Pyrometallurgical Processing of Secondary Lead Material: An …

This review presents and compares the different technologies available for pyrometallurgical processing of secondary lead materials. Smelting is most often …

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Our process | Umicore Precious Metals Refining

The impure lead bullion, collecting most of the non-precious metals, is further treated in the lead refinery. Besides pure lead, the process generates special metals residues. These are, together with the main side-streams of the Precious Metals Operations, further refined into pure metals and metal salts in our special metals refinery to ...

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Recovery of Pure Lead-Tin Alloy from Recycling Spent Lead …

The proposed method of refining secondary lead offers the possibility of using the tin already contained in the lead alloy, significantly reducing its consumption for the production of lead alloys for the battery industry. Instead of pure aluminium, aluminium scrap can be used successfully, provided its composition is controlled. ...

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