Phosphogypsum board with black flowers

Phosphogypsum and Black Steel Slag as Additives for …

The Black Steel slag (Ss) and phosphogypsum (PG) are industrial wastes produced in Morocco. In order to reduce these two wastes and to evaluate their pozzolanic reactivity in the presence of water, they were incorporated into bentonite (B) mixed with lime (L). The studied mixtures (BLW, BL–PG–W and BL–PG–Ss–W) were analyzed by X-ray …

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Recycling phosphogypsum in road construction materials …

Phosphogypsum stacked in the open (as shown in Figure 1 (a, b)) severely damages soils, water systems, atmosphere and other environments. Radon-222 exhalation (Rutherford et al., 1994) and hazardous gases containing phosphorus, cadmium and Radium-226 (Marovic and Sencar, 1995) may have a negative impact on the …

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Application of phosphogypsum in soilization: a review

Phosphogypsum is the most significant industrial solid waste in the world. Phosphogypsum has a complex composition and its traditional storage methods occupy large areas of land and also damage the environment. Currently, phosphogypsum is mainly used for the direct preparation of construction materials and chemical auxiliary …

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Phosphogypsum – An Industrial Byproduct with Value

This necessitates thorough testing of phosphogypsum to confirm feasibility and gather the data necessary for scale up around the unique source of phosphogypsum to be processed and its intended application. Conclusion. Phosphogypsum is a large-scale waste in the phosphates industry, incurring substantial management costs every year.

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A review on the environmental impact of phosphogypsum …

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of phosphate fertilizer production that contains radioactive and hazardous elements. This review evaluates the geochemical …

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Phosphogypsum: Properties and Potential Use in Agriculture

2.1 Phosphogypsum Generation Processes. The wet and dry process are the two main commercial processes used to produce phosphoric acid from natural phosphate. The dry process consists of a thermal reduction of rock phosphate at 2000 °C using an electrical furnace in the presence of coke or silica.

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Phosphogypsum: potential uses and problems – a review

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product produced during the wet process of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production from natural phosphate rocks. Approximately 4–6 tons of PG is produced per ton of ...

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Environmentalists Target Mountains of Fertilizer Waste

According to a 2019 report from the Fertilizer Institute, an estimated 734 million tons of phosphogypsum have accumulated in the United States — a number the industry group projected to steadily increase each year. That material sits in more than 70 similar open-air piles, which can be hundreds of feet tall and hundreds of acres wide, …

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Radiation and Phosphogypsum

Radiation and Phosphogypsum • Both natural gypsum and phosphogypsum contain radioactivity, but phosphogypsum contains more. • In the manufacture of phosphoric acid, the acid is filtered through cloth to remove solids. The radium is filtered out with the solids.

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Research hotspots and trends of comprehensive utilization …

Fig. 2 shows the number and growth trend of published literatures in the field of phosphogypsum resource utilization from 1985 to 2020. As shown in Fig. 2 a, after 1985, the number of literatures published in the field of phosphogypsum resource utilization increased year by year.Before 2008, the number of published literatures on …

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How to Use Gypsum in Gardening

Gypsum is a mineral that can help break up clay soils and provide calcium and sulfur, but it has drawbacks and alternatives. Learn when and how to use gypsum in …

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Analysis of Strength Properties of Lime Stabilized Black …

The materials which are utilized in this study include natural black cotton soil which is needed to be stabilized, lime and phosphogypsum. 2.1 Black Cotton Soil. The black cotton soil used in this study was collected from Raichur District of Karnataka, India.

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E-DOCKET: EPA-HQ-OAR-2020-0442

2 Executive Summary: This document details the review performed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Radiation Protection Division, in response to the Radiological Risk Assessment in Support of Petition for Beneficial Use of Phosphogypsum prepared for The Fertilizer Institute (TFI) …

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Reuse of phosphogypsum pretreated with water washing as …

As a typical solid waste, phosphogypsum (PG) is the by-product generated during the exploitation of phosphate resources 1,2,3. Global production of PG is estimated to be around 100–280 Mt ...

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Phosphogypsum and the EPA Ban

Phosphogypsum formed during the chemical processing of north Florida rock, however, has only 5 to 10 pCi/g and is sold to peanut farmers who use it as a soil amendment to provide the calcium needed to form strong peanut shells.

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UTILIZATION OF LIME AND PHOSPHOGYPSUM IN …

Raviteja et al. (2015) discussed the combined influence of PG and lime on the geotechnical properties of black cotton soil. Based on Atterberg limits, UCS (28 days curing), and soaked CBR (1-day ...

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Resource utilization and development of phosphogypsum …

1. Introduction. Phosphogypsum (PG) is a bulk industrial solid waste of wet-process phosphoric acid production. Every ton of phosphoric acid production generates as many as 4–6 tons of PG, including more than 90% of CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O, a small amount of phosphorus, fluorine, organic matter, oxides, heavy metals, radioactive substances …

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Phosphogypsum: Sustainable Management and Use

This report is addressing rapidly changing scientific, regulatory and policy perspectives concerning phosphogypsum (PG) management and use worldwide. It has been authored and reviewed by many of the world's top experts on PG from academia, international agencies and representatives of IFA's own member companies. The report …

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Phosphogypsum

Environmental impact and management of phosphogypsum. Hanan Tayibi, ... Aurora López-Delgado, in Journal of Environmental Management, 2009. Phosphogypsum (PG) is a waste by-product from the processing of phosphate rock by the "wet acid method" of fertiliser production, which currently accounts for over 90% of phosphoric acid …

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38 Types of Black Flowers and Plants With Pictures

About: The Geranium phaeum is a species of the Geranium genus (not the "geraniums" that you commonly see in the garden store in summer) that features back-turned, dark-purple, almost black flowers. …

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Phosphogypsum-based building materials: Resource …

PG is generally off-white or gray-black powdery solid particles with a particle size distribution of 10–1000 μm [19].Due to different production and storage methods, the pH of PG fluctuates between 1.5 and 6, and the bulk density is 2.27–2.4 g/cm 3 [20]. Fig. 2 shows the basic characteristics of PG. PG's main content is dihydrate gypsum (CaSO 4 …

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A List of the Best Black Flowers for Your Garden

Balcony Garden Web covers 20 Black Flowers and Plants to Add Drama to Your Garden. Bourn Creative covers Meaning of the Color Black. Flower Glossary covers Black Flowers. FTD by Design covers 10 Types of Black Flowers. Gardenia covers Iris Before the Storm. ProFlowers covers 11 Types of Black Flowers . Serenata Flowers covers …

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Phosphogypsum in the Circular Economy

Phosphogypsum can be used as a soil amendment to repair sodic/saline or magnesium-affected soils, and those in low exchangeable calcium. It also tends to reduce crusting …

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Phosphogypsum and its Potential Use in Croatia: Challenges …

Physico-chemical characteristics of phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum is a grey, damp, fine-grained material (silty or silty-sandy) with a maximum grain size between 0.5 and 1.0 mm and 50–75 % of particles finer than 0.075 mm . The moisture content usually ranges between 8 % and 30 % (3, 6). Its density, strength, compressibility, and …

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Sustainable Utilization of Phosphogypsum in Multi-Solid …

This study contributes to sustainable construction practices by exploring the use of phosphogypsum, a commonly discarded byproduct, in the production of recycled aggregates. Addressing both environmental and economic aspects of sustainability, we investigate the feasibility of employing phosphogypsum as a primary raw material, in …

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Phosphogypsum: Properties and Potential Use in …

Phosphogypsum is a by-product of phosphate fertilizer production and a source of calcium, sulphur, and phosphorus for plants. It can be used as a fertilizer or amendment for …

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Preparation of gypsum with high purity and whiteness from phosphogypsum …

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a hazardous industrial solid waste product from the wet phosphate industry 1,2.The widespread deposition of that fine, light- to dark-grey, powder with a slight odor and ...

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Radioactivity and elemental composition of phosphogypsum produced …

Phosphogypsum samples that were taken from storage stacks were also set out to dry in the laboratory. Sub-samples to be used for chemical analysis and gamma spectrometry were gently ground with a mortar and pestle and passed through a sieve (35 mesh, 0.5 mm) before use. The non-structural moisture content of the air- dried …

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Nanomaterials | Free Full-Text | The Generation Process, …

As phosphogypsum constitutes a large amount of solid waste material, its purification treatment and comprehensive utilization have close connection with economic development and ecological environmental protection. For the moment, the storage quantity of phosphogypsum is still rising as a result of the increasing phosphate fertilizer …

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Collaborative Utilization Status of Red Mud and Phosphogypsum…

Red mud and phosphogypsum are the solid waste byproducts of the alumina and phosphoric acid production processes, respectively. Their global annual production has reached 1.1–12 billion tons and 150–200 million tons, respectively [1,2,3,4,5,6].Globally, the total amount of red mud produced every year is between 60 …

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